Fund Raising Event

 Sri Kaliswari college(Autonomous), Sivakasi || Fund Raising Event---

BCA Department extension activity .

Collecting funds for Old Age home, Orphanage Home....

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1nzLzb7XTIA

Introduction to Computer Graphics

 

Definition

 

It is the use of computers to create and manipulate pictures on a display device. It comprises of software techniques to create, store, modify represents pictures.

Types of Computer Graphics

• Generative Graphics
• Image Analysis
• Lognitive Graphics

                2D Transformations

                3D Transformations

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Artemis Testing Super Fast Alternative to LTE

 

Startup Artemis Networks has a technology it believes can take wireless networks to the next level. And the company may soon have the opportunity to prove it. Dish Network is making possible the world’s first pCell wireless technology deployment.

Through its wholly-owned subsidiary American H Block Wireless, Dish is planning to hand over some H Block mobile spectrum in San Francisco to Artemis for up to two years for a field test. The only hurdle is FCC approval -- Artemis has to get the commission's OK to move forward with the test. A new approach to wireless, pCell has the potential to be revolutionary.

Indoor testing has already demonstrated it can deliver full-speed mobile data to every mobile device at the same time -- no matter how many users are sharing the same spectrum. The end result: greater capacity than conventional LTE. The most advanced conventional LTE networks average 1.7 bps/Hz in spectral efficiency. By contrast, pCell posts an average of 58 bps/Hz. That's 35 times faster than conventional LTE.

Will it Really Work?

"The Artemis I Hub enables partners to test pCell in indoor and venue scenarios using off-the-shelf LTE devices, such as iPhone 6/6 Plus, iPad Air 2 and Android devices,” said Steve Perlman, Artemis founder and CEO.

Here’s how it works: Instead of avoiding interference like conventional wireless technologies, pCell technology actually exploits interference. The technology combines interfering radio waves to create an unshared personal cell, or pCell, for each LTE device. This sets the stage to provide the full wireless capacity to each user at once, even at extremely high user density, according to the company.

We asked Jeff Kagan, an independent technology analyst, for his take on pCell. He told us it’s an interesting idea. Of course, we still don't yet know whether it will work in real world operations, he added.

“If it does work as advertised, it could alleviate some of the pressures on traditional networks like LTE in areas like stadiums where there are large groups in a small area. Of course this is not automatic," he said.

Stretching the Limits

Indeed, customers still have to insert Artemis SIM cards into LTE devices to take advantage of the service -- unless they have devices that carry the new universal SIM. In that case, consumers would choose Artemis as their LTE service on the screens of their devices. The devices would then connect to Artemis pCell service as they would to any LTE service. However, most consumers don’t have devices that carry the universal SIM.

“This is an idea that is needed as we stretch the limits of the way we currently provide wireless data,” Kagan said. “This also inserts another company into the mix -- a company that will charge for its services. We really have more questions than answers today, but it's an interesting new approach.”

Beyond the Dish news, Artemis is also rolling out the Artemis I Hub for venue and indoor trials. The Artemis I Hub provides pCell service through 32 distributed antennas and promises to deliver up to 1.5 Gbps in shared spectrum to off-the-shelf LTE devices, with frequency agility from 600 MHz to 6 GHz. That would enable pCell operation in any mobile band.

Google Steps Up Chrome Warnings for Safer Surfing

Tech giant Google wants to save Internet users from themselves. The company's Chrome Web browser will now warn users before they visit sites that might encourage them to download programs or malware that could cripple their computers or otherwise interfere with their Web-browsing experience.

When users attempt to visit one of the questionable sites, they will see this warning in red letters: "The site ahead contains harmful programs."

The warning, part of what Google is terming SafeBrowsing, informs users that attackers may attempt to trick them into installing programs that harm their browsing experiences by changing their homepages or showing extra ads on the sites they visit, for example.

Two Categories

Google said the unsafe sites fall into two categories. One group consists of malware sites that contain code to install malicious software onto users’ computers. Hackers can use this malicious software to capture and transmit users' private or sensitive information. The other category consists of phishing sites that pretend to be legitimate while trying to trick users into typing in their usernames and passwords or sharing other private information.

The new precautions also extend to Google search and ads. Search now incorporates signals that identify deceptive sites, and Google recently began disabling ads that lead to sites with unwanted software.

"We're constantly working to keep people safe across the Web," Google Software Engineer Lucas Ballard wrote in a blog post Monday. "SafeBrowsing helps keep you safe online and includes protection against unwanted software that makes undesirable changes to your computer or interferes with your online experience."

Google said that about a billion people use SafeBrowsing. That means the company has a lot to gain by making the browsing experience as safe as possible since the Google search engine is the company’s primary generator of income.

Site Owners Beware

Site owners are also being targeted as part of the new initiative. They can register with Google Webmaster Tools to be notified when Google finds something on their sites that might lead people to download unwanted software. If that happens, Google said it will offer up tips to help them resolve the problems.

As part of that initiative, Google said it measures how quickly Webmasters clean up their sites after receiving notifications that their sites have been compromised. Even after a site has been cleaned, it can become reinfected if an underlying vulnerability remains, according to Google, which tracks the reinfection rate for those sites.

Google has had SafeBrowsing malware warnings in place for three years, but it was only last November that it added automatic malware blocking. At that time, Google noted that if users see malicious file warnings on Web sites going forward, "you can click 'Dismiss' knowing that Chrome is working to keep you safe."

The new protections emerged in the wake of last week's discovery that new Lenovo PCs shipped between September and December came pre-installed with adware known as Superfish, which uses a man-in-the-middle attack to insert ads into Web browsers.

Can Windows 10 Win Back Users?

The next generation of Windows is aiming to fix everything that was wrong with the last generation. Can Microsoft reverse its fortunes with Windows 10? Microsoft’s self-stated ambitious goal with Windows 10 is to inspire new scenarios across a broad range of devices, from big screens to small screens to no screens at all.

Terry Myerson, executive vice president of Microsoft’s Operating System Group, called Windows 10 the first step to an era of more personal computing. “This vision framed our work on Windows 10, where we are moving Windows from its heritage of enabling a single device -- the PC -- to a world that is more mobile, natural and grounded in trust,” Myerson said. “We believe your experiences should be mobile -- not just your devices. Technology should be out of the way and your apps, services and content should move with you across devices, seamlessly and easily.”

Windows’ Main Competition

Of course, having that vision is one thing. Delivering on it is another. We caught up with Rob Enderle, principal analyst at the Enderle Group, to get his thoughts on whether or not Windows 10 can win back users. First, he told us, Windows is still dominant against other current PC operating systems.

“Windows 10’s competition now is mostly Windows XP, iOS, and Android and often more about form factor than OS features,” Enderle said. “Windows 10 needs an easier migration path to help with XP users as that platform is just too far back to move easily and it hasn’t reached critical mass on tablets or smartphones.”

What’s more, Windows 10 also addresses the negative issues surrounding Windows 8, such as the missing start button, Enderle said. He’s betting the new operating system should be a far stronger alternative to the last version.

Not Fully Cooked?

Although Enderle doesn’t think Windows 10 is as strong as Microsoft could have made it, he said to truly take the market back from iOS and Android, Redmond needs the kind of exclusive OEM support it once had. But that appears to be outside of Microsoft’s reach and the capability of any product.

“Microsoft does appear to be fixing their relationship with Intel and OEMs actually prefer them over Google but the market moves where the user is,” Enderle said. “To capture the user they’ll need a magical product, hardware and software, much like the iPod became and the iPhone and iPad started out being.”

As Enderle sees it, this is a combination of software, hardware, and services that creates a unique product -- one that a critical mass of consumers can’t refuse. Windows 10 will be adequate to this task, but the other two parts -- hardware and services -- of this effort aren’t fully cooked yet, he said.

Algorithm Teaches Itself To Be a Better Gamer than You

Playing Breakout on an old Atari 2600 might not seem like cutting-edge computing, but it is when a computer algorithm learns on its own how to play that and other games as well as humans. In a paper published Thursday in the journal Nature, researchers from Google-owned DeepMind describe how their "deep Q-network," or DQN, did better than any previous machine-learning algorithms in mastering 43 of 49 classic Atari video games.
Starting with just the pixels on the game screen, a set of available actions and a reward system as an incentive for earning higher game scores, DQN was able to figure out such games as Breakout, Enduro racing, Pong, Space Invaders, River Raid and Q*bert. In half of the games, the algorithm "learned" how to play at "more than 75 percent of the level of a professional human player."
DeepMind, founded in 2011 and based in London, was acquired by Google in early 2014 (reports put the sales price at between $400 million and $650 million). The company researches machine learning and artificial intelligence, something with which Google has long been interested.
An Eye on Smarter Google Apps
Describing the new game-learning research Wednesday in a post on Google's Research Blog, DeepMind's Dharshan Kumaran and Demis Hassabis said DQN could help lead to smarter computing with practical, daily applications for people.
"This work offers the first demonstration of a general purpose learning agent that can be trained end-to-end to handle a wide variety of challenging tasks, taking in only raw pixels as inputs and transforming these into actions that can be executed in real-time," Kumaran and Hassabis said. "This kind of technology should help us build more useful products -- imagine if you could ask the Google app to complete any kind of complex task ('Okay, Google, plan me a great backpacking trip through Europe!')."
We caught up with Hassabis, who is vice president for engineering at DeepMind, to elaborate on future uses.
"From a more concrete applications point of view, our team is generally interested in things like Search and other core Google efforts -- baking better 'smarts' into services," Hassabis told us. "Ultimately, we'd like to help tackle bigger problems, too, like helping researchers make sense of the incredibly complex systems in climate science, medicine, genomics, etc."
Despite such potentially useful applications, the rapid advances in machine learning in recent years has led even a few of science's and technology's top minds -- including Stephen Hawking, Bill Gates and Elon Musk -- to describe artificial intelligence as a possible threat to humanity. DeepMind has also given the implications of its research some thought: around the time of Google's acquisition, members of the DeepMind team reportedly pushed for Google to establish an AI ethics board.
AI Pinball Wizard
DQN, Kumaran and Hassabis wrote, achieved its latest successes through the combination of artificial neural networks -- called deep neural networks -- and reinforcement learning, a framework that gave the algorithm the goal of maximizing future rewards by earning higher scores. To enable the algorithm to "learn" video-game-playing skills effectively, DeepMind also had to find a way to emulate another human condition: sleep.
During the learning phase, Kumaran and Hassabis said DQN was "trained on samples drawn from a pool of stored episodes," a mechanism called "experience replay." That process is similar to how the human hippocampus draws on declarative and episodic memories for dreams during sleep.
In fact, if DQN could not "sleep" or "dream," it couldn't improve its gaming skills as well.
"The incorporation of experience replay was critical to the success of DQN: disabling this function caused a severe deterioration in performance," Kumaran and Hassabis said.
Among the games DQN did best at -- "human-level or above" -- were video pinball, boxing, Breakout, Star Gunner, Robotanks, Atlantis, Crazy Climber and Gopher. Games where its brand of machine learning didn't work so well, on the other hand, included Montezuma's Revenge, Private Eye, Gravitar, Frostbite, Ms. Pac-Man and bowling.