Character Generation in computer graphics

Working of Character Generators:

A character generator, or CG, is a device that creates graphic images and animations for use in video productions. The images are usually created from scratch by a team of artists, or they may be taken from a pre-existing database of images. The animations are created by an animator, who designs the movement of the characters and objects in the scene.

 

Difference between Beam Penetration and Shadow Mask method 

1. Beam Penetration Method :
Beam Penetration Method is quite similar to the normal CRT and it uses only one electron gun. In this, different colors of multi-layered are coated on inner surface of screen, normally the two layers of phosphorus i.e., red and green are coated. It is a method used for displaying color pictures that has been used with random scan monitors.

2. Shadow Mask Method :
Shadow Mask Method is the method which is used in raster scan system which includes color TVs. In this the pixel is made up of three -colors. So due to three colors it uses three electron guns one for producing each color. The colors are red, green and blue. In this the important consideration for a color monitor is the setting of electron guns and the phosphor dots forming a pixel.

Computer Graphics - Raster Scan Displays

 Raster Scan Displays are most common type of graphics monitor which employs CRT. It is based on television technology. In raster scan system electron beam sweeps across the screen, from top to bottom covering one row at a time.A pattern of illuminated pattern of spots is created by turning beam intensity on and off as it moves across each row. A memory area called refresh buffer or frame buffer stores picture definition. This memory area holds intensity values for all screen points. Stored intensity values are restored from frame buffer and painted on screen taking one row at a time.Each screen point is referred to as pixels. 

In raster scan systems refreshing is done at a rate of 60-80 frames per second. Refresh rates are also sometimes described in units of cycles per second / Hertz (Hz). At the end of each scan line, electron beam begins to display next scan line after returning to left side of screen. The return to the left of screen after refresh of each scan line is known as horizontal retrace of electron beam. At the end of each frame electron beam returns to top left corner and begins the next frame.

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Introduction to Computer Graphics

 

Definition

 

It is the use of computers to create and manipulate pictures on a display device. It comprises of software techniques to create, store, modify represents pictures.

Types of Computer Graphics

• Generative Graphics
• Image Analysis
• Lognitive Graphics

                2D Transformations

                3D Transformations

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Artemis Testing Super Fast Alternative to LTE

 

Startup Artemis Networks has a technology it believes can take wireless networks to the next level. And the company may soon have the opportunity to prove it. Dish Network is making possible the world’s first pCell wireless technology deployment.

Through its wholly-owned subsidiary American H Block Wireless, Dish is planning to hand over some H Block mobile spectrum in San Francisco to Artemis for up to two years for a field test. The only hurdle is FCC approval -- Artemis has to get the commission's OK to move forward with the test. A new approach to wireless, pCell has the potential to be revolutionary.

Indoor testing has already demonstrated it can deliver full-speed mobile data to every mobile device at the same time -- no matter how many users are sharing the same spectrum. The end result: greater capacity than conventional LTE. The most advanced conventional LTE networks average 1.7 bps/Hz in spectral efficiency. By contrast, pCell posts an average of 58 bps/Hz. That's 35 times faster than conventional LTE.

Will it Really Work?

"The Artemis I Hub enables partners to test pCell in indoor and venue scenarios using off-the-shelf LTE devices, such as iPhone 6/6 Plus, iPad Air 2 and Android devices,” said Steve Perlman, Artemis founder and CEO.

Here’s how it works: Instead of avoiding interference like conventional wireless technologies, pCell technology actually exploits interference. The technology combines interfering radio waves to create an unshared personal cell, or pCell, for each LTE device. This sets the stage to provide the full wireless capacity to each user at once, even at extremely high user density, according to the company.

We asked Jeff Kagan, an independent technology analyst, for his take on pCell. He told us it’s an interesting idea. Of course, we still don't yet know whether it will work in real world operations, he added.

“If it does work as advertised, it could alleviate some of the pressures on traditional networks like LTE in areas like stadiums where there are large groups in a small area. Of course this is not automatic," he said.

Stretching the Limits

Indeed, customers still have to insert Artemis SIM cards into LTE devices to take advantage of the service -- unless they have devices that carry the new universal SIM. In that case, consumers would choose Artemis as their LTE service on the screens of their devices. The devices would then connect to Artemis pCell service as they would to any LTE service. However, most consumers don’t have devices that carry the universal SIM.

“This is an idea that is needed as we stretch the limits of the way we currently provide wireless data,” Kagan said. “This also inserts another company into the mix -- a company that will charge for its services. We really have more questions than answers today, but it's an interesting new approach.”

Beyond the Dish news, Artemis is also rolling out the Artemis I Hub for venue and indoor trials. The Artemis I Hub provides pCell service through 32 distributed antennas and promises to deliver up to 1.5 Gbps in shared spectrum to off-the-shelf LTE devices, with frequency agility from 600 MHz to 6 GHz. That would enable pCell operation in any mobile band.